cÖ_g fvM

cÖ_g Aa¨vq: Avïivi ivR‰bwZK wk¶v

 

Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Gi AfyÌvb I Gi Dci M„nxZ c`‡¶c Zvui  e¨w³MZ ev cvwievwiK welq wQjbv eis Zv GK gnvb c`‡¶c I ewY DgvBqv‡`i wekvj ivR‡Z¡i †gvKv‡ejvq gnveo GK ivR‰bwZK Af~Ìvb I wec­e wQj| Avi ZvB Zuvi GB wec­e I Af~Ìvb wewfbœ w`K w`‡q mgv‡Ri Rb¨ wk¶vg~jK I Av`‡k©i `„óvš— ¯^iƒc| Gm‡ei ¸i“Z¡c~Y© w`K¸‡jv GLv‡b D‡j­L Kie|

ivR‰bwZK Pzw³ I cÖwZÁv mg~n †g‡b Pjv

       Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) hw`I gyqvweqv‡K Zvi c‡_i Rb¨ Dchy³ I h_vh_ g‡b Ki‡Zb bv ZeyI Zvi Rxe×kvq Zvi mv‡_ †Zgbfv‡e eo †Kvb `›` I we‡f` m„wó K‡ibwb Ges Zvi mv‡_ hy× ev Zvi wei“‡× Af~Ìvb Kivi wm×vš— †bbwb KviY gyqvweqvi mv‡_ Bgvg nvmvb (Avt) mwÜ Pzw³ K‡iwQ‡jb Ges †mB mwÜi m¤§vb I gh©v`vi Kvi‡YB wZwb Pzc _v‡Kb|[1]

       Z‡e gyqvweqv Zvi gyZz¨i c~‡e© hLb †_‡K Zvi c¶‡_‡K cieZ©x Lwjdv wn‡m‡e BqvwR‡`i Rb¨ evBqvZ †bqvi Rb¨ †Póv K‡i hvw”Qj ZLb †_‡KB Bgvg †nvmvBb Pzc K‡i _v‡Kb wb wKš‘ ZeyI gyqvweqvi g„Zz¨i c~e© ch©š— Af~Ìvb K‡ib wb eis Zvi g„Zz¨ ch©š— A‡c¶v K‡ib Ges gyqvweqvi g„Zz¨i ci Af~Ìv‡bi cwiKíbv †bb|[2]

       Avð‡h©i welq nj †h, Bgvg nvmvb (Avt) Gi kvnv`v‡Zi ci Kzdvi RbMY Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Gi Kv‡Q GB g‡g© Av‡e`b Ki‡Z _v‡Kb hv‡Z wZwb gyqvweqvi wei“‡× Af~Ìvb K‡ib wKš‘ Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Zv Keyj K‡ib wb KviY gyqvweqvi mv‡_ Bgvg nvmvb (Avt) Gi Pzw³i GKwU kZ© wQj †h, gyqvweqv hZw`b RxweZ _vK‡e ivRZ¡ Ki‡e wKš‘ Zvi g„Zz¨i ci †Ljvd‡Zi `vwqZ¡ Bgvg nvmvb (Avt) †K †`qv n‡e Ges Bgvg nvmvb (Avt) RxweZ bv _vK‡j Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) †K †`qv n‡e|[3] wKš‘ gyqvweqvi g„Zz¨i ci GB `vIqvZ Keyj K‡ib KviY BqvwR‡`i mv‡_ ev Zvi †Ljvd‡Zi ‰eaZv m¤ú‡K© †Kvb Pzw³ ev mwÜ wQjbv|

ivR‰bwZK mgv‡jvPbv I ch©v‡jvPbv Af~Ìv‡bi cÖv_wgK avc wn‡m‡e MÖnb|

Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Zvui Af~Ìv‡bi cÖv_wgK avc wn‡m‡e ivR‰bwZK mgv‡jvPbv I ch©v‡jvPbv‡K MÖnb Ki‡jI we‡kl wKQz PgrKvi wewa wb‡ka †g‡b P‡jb D`vniY ¯^iƒc:

       1- g`xbvq _vKvKvjxb mg‡q ¯úó Reve bv w`‡q `ykgb‡`i‡K †dZbv, dvmv` I AhynvZ m„wói cvqZviv eÜ K‡ib Ges g`xbvi Mf©Yi hLb BqvwR‡`i c‡¶ Zuvi KvQ †_‡K iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i GKvKx evBqvZ wb‡Z Pvq ZLb Zv †_‡K cvk KvwU‡q e‡jb †h, w`‡bi †ejv me gvbyl‡K GKwÎZ K‡i welqwU DÌvcb Ki KviY Avgvi gZ e¨w³Z¡ iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i GKvwK evBqvZ Ki‡Z cv‡ibv|[4]

       2- `ykgb‡`i‡K Iqv`v †`qv †_‡K weiZ _v‡Kb|

3- wbivcËvi e¨e¯’v MÖnb K‡i P‡jb; MfY©‡ii Av‡`‡k Zvi cÖvmv‡` hvIqvi Rb¨ Zvui mv‡_ †`ni¶x‡`i‡K mv‡_ wb‡q hvb (hw`I Zv‡`i‡K cÖvmv‡`i wfZ‡i †bqvi AbygwZ †`qv bv nq wKš‘ evB‡i †i‡L Zv‡`i‡K mZK© _vK‡Z e‡jb)| Ab¨w`‡K MfY©‡ii mv‡_ ZK© weZK© Kivi mgq wb‡RI mZK© _v‡Kb|[5]

       4- cÖwZc¶ mΓ ‰mb¨‡`i KgvÊvi‡`i‡K †h me Iqv`v †`b Zv cvjb K‡i P‡jb Ges Zv‡`i‡K m‡Z¨i w`‡K (wbR c‡¶i w`‡K) Avmvi Rb¨ AvKl©Y Kivi †Póv K‡ib|[6]

       5- mµ c‡¶i ûgwK‡Z †gv‡UB fq cvbwb eis ivR‰bwZK I KzU‰bwZK ûgwK mg~‡ni Dchy³ KwVb Reve w`‡qwQ‡jb|

       6- ivR‰bwZK cÖwZØ›`x I cÖwZc¶‡K Lye fvjfv‡e wPb‡Zb Ges `~iwfmwÜ cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K© my¶ bRi ivL‡Zb| Avi ZvB Zvui GK ivR‰bwZK cÖwZ‡hvMx Be‡b hyevBi hLb Zuvi Kv‡Q G‡m Zv‡K civgk© w`‡Z _v‡Kb, Bgvg Zvi Rev‡e e‡jb, ÒGB e¨w³ GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk hv fvjev‡m Zv nj †h, Avwg Aek¨B Biv‡K hve KviY Avwg GLv‡b _vKv ch©š— g°vi †Kvb †jvK Zvi †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖwZ AvMÖn †cvlY Ki‡e bv|

       7- KL‡bv KL‡bv cÖwZc‡¶i †cÖwiZ c‡Îi Reve `vb †_‡K weiZ _v‡Kb Ges Gi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i cÖwZ AeÁv cÖ`k©b Ges Zv‡`i cÖwZ K‡VviZv cÖ‡qv‡Mi cvëv ûgwK cÖ`vb K‡ib| Avi ZvB Igi Be‡b mv` Gi `ywU c‡Îi Reve `vb †_‡K weiZ _v‡Kb|

GKwU kvm‡Ki wei“‡× Af~Ìv‡bi gvb`Ê (Bgvg †nvmvB‡bi wbR K‡Ú Af~Ìv‡bi KviY|

    Zvui fvB Bgvg nvmvb (Avt) gyqvweqvi mv‡_ mwÜ K‡ib wKš‘ wZwb BqvwR‡`i wei“‡× Af~Ìvb K‡ib Gi KviY Kx? †Kb wZwb g`xbv Z¨vM K‡i Kzdv evmx‡`i `vIqv‡Z m¤§Z nb Ges †KbBev kvnv`v‡Zi c_‡K †e‡Q †bb?

       GB cÖkœ¸‡jv evisevi Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Gi Kv‡Q wjwLZ I †gŠwLKfv‡e DÌvcb Kiv nq| Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) wbR gy‡L Gme cÖ‡kœi Reve †`b| G ch©v‡q Avgiv Zv ms‡¶‡c D‡j­L Ki‡ev|

1-BqvwR‡`i A‡hvM¨Zv I e¨w³MZ PwiÎnxbZv

    GwR` GKRb dv‡mK ‡jvK †h cÖKvk¨fv‡e AcK‡g© wjß _v‡K|

    g` cvb Ki‡Zv, KzKzi I eY¨ cï‡`i mv‡_ †Ljvayjv K‡i|

    ivm~j mvjv­j­­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­­vg Gi Avn‡j evB‡Zi mv‡_ cÖK&k¨fv‡e `ykgwb K‡i|[7]

    wb®úvc †jvK‡`i nZ¨v K‡i|[8]

    Avgvi gZ (Bgvg †nvmvB‡bi gZ) e¨w³Z¡ Zvi nv‡Z evBqvZ Ki‡Z cv‡ibv|[9]

 

2| Bmjv‡gi g~j aŸs‡mi gy‡LvgywL|

       Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) e‡jb, Òhw` Bmjvgx D¤§‡Zi Rb¨ GwR‡`i gZ kvmK _v‡K Zvn‡j GLv‡bB Bmjv‡gi we`vq|[10]

3| kvmK e‡M©i dvmv`

       I‡n dvivh`vK GB Rb‡Mvwó kqZv‡bi c`v®‹ AbymiY Ki‡Q|

Avj­vni AvbyMZ¨ †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q wb‡q‡Q|

Avj­vni Rwg‡K dvmv` m„wó Ki‡Q|

Avj­vni AvB‡b mxgvjsNb Ki‡Q g` cvb Ki‡Q, dKxi I wgmwKb‡`i m¤ú` MÖvm Ki‡Q|

Avj­vni †`qv nvivg‡K nvjvj g‡b Ki‡Q I nvjvj‡K nvivg g‡b Ki‡Q|

evBZzj gvj‡K Zv‡`i wbR¯^ m¤ú` g‡b Ki‡Q|[11]

4| Avj­vni bvg‡K D‡”P DVv‡bv I Zvui `xb‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv|

       AvwgB (†nvmvBb) Avj­vni `x‡bi mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ h‡_ó|[12] Ges Zvi GKBfv‡e Zvi kwiq‡Zi gh©v`v cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ h‡_ó| hv‡Z K‡i Avj­vni bvg D‡”P D‡V|[13]

5- Biv‡Ki Awaevmx‡`i c¶ †_‡K me©‡kl hyw³ cÖgvY Dc¯’vcb

       Kzdv evmx‡`i c¶ †_‡K Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Gi Kv‡Q GBg‡g©  AmsL¨ wPwV I cÎ Av‡m †h, Avgv‡`i †Kvb Bgvg †bB, Avgiv PvB Avcbvi nv‡Z evBqvZ Ki‡Z| Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Zv‡`i c‡Îi Rev‡e gymwjg Be‡b AvwKj‡K Zvui c¶ ‡_‡K †bZv evwb‡q †cÖib K‡ib Ges Zvi gva¨‡g Kzdv evmx‡`i cix¶v K‡ib, gymwjg wPwV wj‡L Bgvg‡K Rvbvb †h Kzdvevmxiv Zuvi bv‡g gymwj‡gi nv‡Z evBqvZ K‡i‡Q| Avi ZvB †nvmvBb (Avt) †mLv‡b hvIqv‡K Avek¨K g‡b K‡ib|

       G¸‡jv Kzdvevmx I Zv‡`i evnK‡`i AvwbZ cÎ Ges G¸‡jvi Reve cÖ`vb Kiv Avgvi Rb¨ IqvwRe (diR)| Zviv Avj­vni Kv‡Q Avgvi Rb¨ ARynvZ (hyw³) †ck K‡i‡Q|

       Avãyj­vn Be‡b Igi whwb Bgvg‡K Kzdvq †h‡Z evav cÖ`vb K‡i Zvi Rev‡e Bgvg e‡jb: G¸‡jv Kzdv evmx‡`i †cÖwiZ (`vIqvZ) cÎ|[14]

6| ivm~j   mvjv­j­­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­­vg Gi Av‡`k

       Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Gi G‡nb Af~Ìv‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY wQj †h, ivm~j  mvjv­j­­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­­vg G m¤ú‡K© Av‡`k w`‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| Avi ZvB wZwb Awj` Be‡b IZev (g`xbvi MfY©i) †K e‡jb, ÒAvgvi c~e© c~i“l ivm~j   mvjv­j­­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­­vg Gi KvQ †_‡K ï‡bwQ ‡h, wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, ÒAvey mywdqv‡bi mš—vb‡`i Rb¨ †LjvdZ nvivgÓ Zvn‡j Avwg wKfv‡e Zvi nv‡Z (BqvwR‡`i nv‡Z) evBqvZ wb‡Z cvwi?[15]

       Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Gi cÖwZ ivm~j mvjv­j­­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­­vg Gi wØZxq Av‡`k wQj Zvui Nygš— Ae¯’vq ¯^‡cœi wfZi| Giƒc K‡qKwU welq D‡j­L Ki‡ev|

1| g`xbv †_‡K we`v‡qi cÖv°v‡j hLb wZwb ivm~j mvjv­j­­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­­vg Gi Ke‡ii Kv‡Q we`vq wb‡Z hvb ZLb|[16]

       2| g`xbv †_‡K we`vq †bqvi cÖv°v‡j †gvnv¤§` nvbvwdqvi Kv‡Q †_‡K eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, ÒMZKvj hLb †Zvgvi KvQ †_‡K P‡j wM‡qwQjvg ZLb Avgvi Kv‡Q ivm~j mvjv­j­­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­­vg  G‡mwQ‡jb I AZtci Avgv‡K e‡jb, I‡n †nvmvBb (GB kni Z¨vM K‡i) †ewo‡q ci mwZ¨ ej‡Z wK Avj­vn Zvjv †Zvgv‡K wbnZ Ae¯’vq †`L‡Z Pvb|Ó[17]

       g~jZt G NUbvi Av‡Mi w`b gynv¤§` nvbvwdqv Bgvg †nvmvBb‡K e‡jwQ‡jv †h, Avcwb Kzdvi w`‡K bv wM‡q Bqvgvb A_ev Ab¨‡Kvb w`‡K hvb Avi G †cÖw¶‡Z Bgvg e‡jwQ‡jb †h, AvMvgxKvj †Zvgv‡K Reve †`e| Avi c‡ii w`b Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Zv‡K D³ ¯^‡cœi K_v e‡jb|

7- cweÎ g°v kwi‡di m¤§vb I wbivcËvnvbxi fq

       hw` Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) g°vq A_ev g`xbvq Ae¯’vb Ki‡Zb Zvn‡j †mLv‡bB wbnZ nevi m¤¢vebv wQj| Avi Bgvg †nvmvBb Pvbwb Ges GUv cQ›` K‡ibwb †h, cweÎ g°v kwi‡d Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i i³cvZ Kivi gva¨‡g nvivg kwi‡di gh©v`v ¶zbœ †nvK| ZvB Avãyj­vn Be‡b Rvdi Gi wjwLZ c‡Îi Rev‡e e‡jwQ‡jb, ÒAvwg †hLv‡bB jyKvBbv †Kb Giv Avgv‡K nËv Ki‡eB?[18]

       Abyiƒcfv‡e Be‡b AveŸv‡mi bwmn‡Zi Rev‡e e‡jwQ‡jb, ÒI‡n fvB! Avj­vni Kmg K‡i ejwQ †h, g°vq †_‡K wbnZ nIhvi †P‡q Biv‡K wM‡q †mLv‡b wbnZ nIqv‡K Avwg AwZ DËg g‡b KiwQ[19] hv‡Z g°vi m¤§vb I gh©v`v iw¶Z nqÓ|[20]

       GKBfv‡e Ab¨ GK e¨w³ hLb Zv‡K g`xbv Z¨vM Kivi KviY wR‡Ám K‡iwQj Zvi Rev‡e e‡jwQ‡jb, ÒZviv GLv‡b Avgvi i³cvZ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj ZvB cvwj‡q hvw”Q|[21]

       G †_‡K H welqwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv nq †h, BqvwR` Iwj‡`i Kv‡Q wjwLZ c‡Î Giƒc wj‡LwQj: Bgvg †nvmvB‡bi wki (gv_v) †K GB cÎ mn‡hv‡M Avgvi Kv‡Q wb‡q Avm|[22]

       g°v‡Z †m mgq n‡R¡i †gŠm~g AwZµg K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) n‡R¡i A‡a©K Avgj mgvß K‡iwQ‡jb GgZve¯’vq wZwb Zv Igivi wbq‡Zi gva¨‡g cwieZ©b K‡i †mLvb †_‡K we`vq †bb Ges AwZ `ª“Z g°v Z¨vM K‡ib hv‡Z K‡i Avj­vni †NvwlZ GB wbivc` kni Zvi i³cv‡Zi gva¨‡g f~jywÉZ bv nq|

       Bgvg e‡jb, ÒAvj­vni Kmg Avwg †h †Kvb ¸nv‡ZB Avkªq †bB bv †Kb Zviv Avgv‡K †mLvb †_‡K †ei K‡i Avb‡e Ges Zv‡`i D‡Ïk¨ (Avgv‡K nZ¨v Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨) ¯^vab Ki‡e|[23]

8- Zvui GB Af~Ìv‡bi Dci eyw× e„wËK `wjj

       Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) hw` g°vq A_ev g`xbvq Ae¯’vb Ki‡Zb Zvn‡j †mLv‡bB wbnZ n‡Zb wKš‘ Biv‡Ki w`‡K hvIqvi d‡j Zvi mvg‡b `„wU c_ D¤§y³ wQj|

       GKwU Giƒc †h, hw` †mLv‡bi †jvKRb Bgvg‡K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i Zvn‡j BqvwR‡`i kvm‡bi Aemvb NU‡Zv Ab¨w`‡K hw` mn‡hvwMZv bv K‡i Zvn‡j †m c‡_ wbnZ nevi gva¨‡g Bmjvg Dw¾weZ n‡e|[24]

       AZGe g°v g`xbvq ‡_‡K wbi‡e wbnZ nIqv A_ev evBqvZ Kivi †P‡q A‡bK w`K w`‡q DËg wQj †m ¯’vb Z¨vM Kiv|

       A_©vr Kvievjvi cÖvš—‡i Bgvg †nvmvB‡bi G‡nb ü`q we`viK NUbv I Æv‡RwW GZB gnvb wQj I ewY DgvBqv‡`i Ryjyg wbwcob I Ab¨vq AZ¨vPvi cÖKv‡ki Dcvq wQj hvi d‡j Bmjv‡gi g„Z cÖvq MvQwU be¨ Rxeb cvq Ges g~jZt Zvi GB Af~Ìvb Bmjv‡gi AbyKz‡jB wQj|

       9- Bmjvgx D¤§Z‡K mr Kv‡Ri Av‡`k I Amr Kv‡Ri wb‡k‡ai gva¨‡g ms‡kvab|

       Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Zuvi wbR¯^ GB Af~Ìvb cÖm‡½ Gfv‡e e‡jb|

*Avwg Ryjyg, wbwcob Ab¨vq AZ¨vPvi I dvmv‡`i †gvKv‡ejvq Af~Ìvb KiwQ|

       *ïaygvÎ Avgvi wcZ„ cyi“‡li D¤§Z‡K ms‡kva‡bi j‡¶¨ Af~Ìvb KiwQ|

*Avgvi D‡Ïk¨ nj Avgi †e gvi“d I bvwn AvR †gvbKvi| Gi gva¨‡g Avwg ivm~j    mvjv­j­­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­­vg I Avgvi wcZv Avjx (Avt) Gi c_‡K AbymiY Ki‡Z PvB|[25]

GB evK¨¸‡jv Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Zvi fvB †gvnv¤§` nvbvwdqv‡K Iwmq¨Z Kiv cÖm‡½ wj‡LwQ‡jb Ges wjwLZ AvKv‡i Zvi nv‡Z Ac©b K‡ib| Avi Ryjyg wbwcob cÖm‡½ hv e‡jb Zv g~jZt evwn¨K `„wó‡Z wQj Zvi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ wQj Z…Zxq I PZz_© evK¨ `ywU A_©vr Avgi †e gvi“d I bvwn AvR †gvbKvi Ges ivm~j   mvjv­j­­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­­vg I Zuvi wcZvi c_ AbymiY|

10- AZ¨vPvwi kvm‡Ki wei“‡× Af~Ìvb Kiv IqvwRe (diR) (GUv wPivqZ wbqg)

       Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Zvi m½x mv_x I †nvi Be‡b BqvwR‡`i evwnbxi D‡Ï‡k¨ e³e¨ w`‡Z wM‡q ivm~j mvjv­j­­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­­vg Gi KvQ †_‡K GKwU nv`xm eY©bv K‡ib Ges AZtci Zv ewY DgvBqvi Dci h_vh_ fv‡e cÖgvY K‡i e‡jb:

       ‡h †KD Ggb †Kvb kvmK‡K †`L‡Z cvq †h, †m Avj­vni weavb nvivg‡K nvjv‡j cwiYZ K‡i‡Q Ges ivm~j mvjv­j­­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­­vg Gi mybœ‡Zi wecix‡Z Pj‡Q, gvby‡li Dci Ryjyg Ki‡Q, gvby‡li †Pv‡Li mvg‡b ¸bvn Ki‡Q wKš‘ †m e¨w³ Zvi wei“‡× Af~Ìvb Ki‡Qbv Zvn‡j Avj­vn Zvjv Aek¨B Zv‡K Zvi Dchy³ cwibv‡g (Rvnvbœv‡g) †cÖiY Ki‡eb|[26]

       m¤¢eZ G Kvi‡Y wZwb cÖKvk¨ fv‡e g°v Z¨vM K‡ib †h, GB Af~Ìvb Zuvi Dci IqvwRe Ges hv‡Z mevB AewnZ n‡Z cv‡i|[27]

       11- ivm~j mvjv­j­­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­­vg Gi mybœZ‡K RxweZ Kvi‡Yi gva¨‡g †e`Av‡Zi Ac‡bv`b|

       Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Zuvi GB Af~Ìv‡bi j¶¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb,

       ÒAvwg Avcbv‡`i‡K †KviAvb I ivm~j mvjv­j­­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­­vg Gi mybœ‡Zi w`‡K `vIqvZ KiwQ| KviY ivm~j mvjv­j­­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­­vg Gi mybœZ g„Zz¨i DcKz‡j DcbxZ n‡q‡Q| Ges Ab¨w`‡K †e`AvZ mg~n RxweZ n‡q D‡V‡Q|Ó[28]

       Ab¨ GK RvqMvq wZwb e‡jb, ÒAvgvi Kv‡Q Giƒc PvIqv n‡q‡Q †h, hv‡Z Avwg Zv‡`i Kv‡Q (Kzdvevmx‡`i Kv‡Q) hvB Ges Gi d‡j Bmjvgx HwZn¨ RxweZ n‡e Ges †e`AvZ mg~n `~ixf~Z n‡e|

       Bgvg Zuvi wb‡Ri e³‡e¨ †nvi Be‡b BqvwR‡`i ˆmb¨‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ e‡jb,

       Ò‡Zvgiv wK †`L‡Qvbv m‡Z¨i AbymiY Kiv n‡”Q bv? Ab¨v‡qi c_ eÜ Kiv n‡”Q bv? hvi gva¨‡g Avj­vni gywgb ev›`vMY mwZ¨Kvi fv‡e Zuvi mv¶v‡Z †cŠQ‡Z cvi‡e|Ó[29]

GKwU †kŠivPvix I Rvwjg kvm‡Ki mv‡_ AvPiY

       Avgiv hw` Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Gi Af~Ìv‡bi w`‡K j¶¨ Kwi Zvn‡j ¯úó fv‡e †`L‡Z cve †h, wZwb ewY DgvBq¨v‡`i ‡mB ivR‡Z¡i mv‡_ wZb ai‡bi AvPi‡Yi gva¨‡g gy‡LvgywL nb| g~jZt †kŠivPvix I Rvwjg kvm‡Ki mv‡_ Avgv‡`i wKiƒc AvPiY Kiv DPxZ ZvB wZwb Gi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i‡K wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb| GB wZbwU avc wbgœiƒc|

1- mΓ c¶‡K w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`k©b|

Iwj` Be‡b IZev hLb BqvwR‡`i Av‡`k Bgvg †nvmvBb‡K AeMZ K‡i Zv‡K BqvwR‡`i nv‡Z evBqvZ Kivi civgk© †`q ZLb Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Zvi Rev‡e hyw³ cÖ`k©Y g~jK e‡jb, Ò Avgiv ivm~j mvjv­j­­vû AvjvBwn Iqv Avwjwn Iqv mvj­­vg Gi Avn‡j evBZ (Avt) Ges wZwb‡Zv e‡j‡Qb †h, Avey mywdqv‡bi mš—v‡`i Rb¨ †LjvdZ nvivg| Zvn‡j ej Avwg wefv‡e Zvi nv‡Z evBqvZ Ki‡Z cvwi?Ó[30]

       hLb †nvi Be‡b BqvwR‡`i evwnbxi gy‡LvgywL nb ZLb Zv‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ e³e¨ cÖ`vb K‡ib[31] Ges GKB fv‡e Kvievjvi cÖvš—‡i Igi Be‡b mv‡`K evwnbxi gy‡LvgywL n‡jI Zv‡`i‡K bwmnZ K‡ib|[32]

2- Ah_v i³cvZ †_‡K weiZ _vKvi D‡Ï‡k¨ cvwj‡q hvb (`ykgb‡`i Rb¨ RvqMv Lvwj K‡i †`b)

       g`xbvi Mf©Yi hLb BqvwR‡`i wb‡`©‡k Bgvg‡K kwn` Kivi wm×vš— †bq[33] †m †¶‡Î Bgvg iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i g`xbv Z¨vM K‡ib| GKBfv‡e hLb g°vq Zv‡K ¸ß nZ¨vi cwiKíbv Kiv nq ZLb nR¡ Abyôvb cwiZ¨vM K‡i g°v †_‡K †ei n‡q Biv‡Ki w`‡K Mgb K‡ib|[34] GK e¨w³ Zv‡K cÖkœ K‡iwQj Avcwb †Kb g`xbv Z¨vM K‡i‡Qb? Gi Rev‡e wZwb e‡jb, Avgvi B¾Z  m¤§v‡bi Dci AvNvZ †n‡b‡Q, ˆah© a‡iwQ; Avgvi gvj m¤ú` MÖvm K‡i‡Q ZeyI ˆah© a‡iwQ wKš‘ AZtci Avgvi i³cv‡Zi wm×vš— wb‡qwQj ZvB cvwj‡q G‡mwQ|[35]

       Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Gi GB K_v ‡_‡K eyS‡Z cvwi †h, hLb gywg‡bi Rxeb wec‡`i m¤§ywLb nq ZLb Rv‡j‡gi †gvKv‡ejvq ˆah© aviY c~e©K Ae¯’vb Kiv Rv‡qh bq Avi †m Ae¯’vq byb¨Zg KiYxq nj †mLvb †_‡K wnRiZ Kiv|

       GKBfv‡e Kvievjvq cÖ_‡g †nvi Be‡b BqvwR` I AZtci Igi Be‡b mv‡`i †gvKv‡ejvq e‡jb, Kzdvi RbMY Avgv‡K `vIqvZ w`‡q‡Q hw` Avgv‡K †mLv‡b †h‡Z bv `vI Zvn‡j wd‡i hveÓ[36] (A_©vr wZwb `ykgb‡`i nvZ †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z Pvb wKš‘ Zviv Zv Keyj K‡iwb)|

3- knx` nIqv ch©š— msMÖvg  

Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) hLb eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h `ykgb‡`i‡K bwmnZ K‡i †Kvb jvf n‡ebv Ges Ab¨w`‡K Zv‡`i cÖ¯—ve ÒBqvwR‡`i nv‡Z evBqvZ KivÓ †g‡b †bqv m¤¢e bq KviY †m dv‡mK| dv‡m‡Ki nv‡Z evBqvZ Rv‡qh bq| Ab¨w`‡K †mLvb †_‡K cvwj‡q hvIqvI m¤¢e bq KviY g`xbv, g°v I Kzdv me©ÎB Zvi wei“‡× `ykgb †cÖwiZ n‡q‡Q †Rvi c~e©K evBqvZ †bqvi Rb¨ ZvB Ab‡b¨vcvq n‡qB `ykgb‡`i †gvKv‡ejvq `„p cÖwZ‡iva K‡ib I †kl wbk¦vm Z¨vM Kiv ch©š— Zv‡`i mv‡_ hy× K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb,

       Òbv, Avj­vni Kmg bxP I Ac`¯’ ‡jv‡Ki gZ evBqvZ Ki‡ev bv Ges f„‡Ëi gZ cvwj‡q †eove bv|[37] ‡Zvgiv wK †`L‡Qvbv mZ¨‡K AbymiY Kiv n‡”Qbv, Ab¨vq AZ¨vPvi †iva Kiv n‡”Qbv? hv‡Z K‡i gywgbiv Zv‡`i cÖf~i mv‡_ wgwjZ nIqvi AvKvsLv †cvlY K‡i Avi GgZve¯’vq Avwg g„Zz¨‡K †mŠfvM¨ Ges Rvwjg‡`i mv‡_ †eu‡P _vKv‡K ¶wZ Qvov Ab¨wKQz g‡b Kwibv|[38]

Avgi †e gvi“d I bvwn AvR †gvbKvi GKwU Af~Ìv‡bi Rb¨ wfwË ¯^iƒc

       Bmjvg a‡g© Avgi †e gvi“d I bvwn AvR †gvbKv‡ii Rb¨ K‡qKwU avc I ch©vq wba©vwiZ i‡q‡Q Zv wbgœiƒc|

1-Aš—i w`‡q N„Yv Kiv

A_©vr †KD hLb Ab¨vq I AcQ›`bxq †Kvb KvR mbv³ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †`L‡Z cvq †h Ab¨ †Kn Zv K‡i hv‡”Q ZLb Zvi Aš—i †m m¤ú‡K© e¨w_Z nq Z‡e Gi Qvc Zvi †Pnvivq dz‡U D‡V|

2- gyLw`‡q Zvi cÖwZ‡iva K‡i

       A_©vr †Kvb gywgb e¨w³ Ab¨vq AcKg© †`Lvi ci 2q ch©v‡q Zvi fvlv w`‡q dv‡m` e¨w³i Dci AvNvZ nvb‡Z _v‡K| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î cÖ_gZt wgwó fvlvq ej‡Z _v‡K hw` Zv‡Z KvR bv nq D”P K‡Ú AvNvZ K‡i _v‡K|

3-Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c

Z…Zxq ch©v‡q gywgb e¨w³ Ggb c`‡¶c MÖnb K‡i hv‡Z †mB dv‡m` e¨w³ †mB Ab¨vq AcKg© Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nq|

4- gvi‡avi I nZ¨v  

Avi GUv Avgi †e gvi“d I bvwn AvR †gvbKv‡ii me©‡kl avc Ges hw` c~‡e©v³ avc¸‡jv‡Z mgvavb bv nq Zvn‡jB GB avc Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z n‡e Ges g~jZt GB Kv‡Ri ev¯—evq‡bi Av‡`k Bgvg A_ev Zvi cÖwZwbwai c¶ †_‡K n‡Z n‡e| †h †KD Zv ev¯—evqb Ki‡Z Pv‡e Zvi KvQ †_‡K AbygwZ wb‡Z n‡e|[39]

       Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Gi Af~ÌvbI wVK Abyiƒcfv‡e Avgi †e gvi“d I bvwn AvR †gvbKv‡ii wiwZi wfwˇZ n‡qwQj| g~jZt Bgvg †n‡mvBb (Avt) ivR‰bwZK cwiKíbvi cvkvcvwk Zv¸‡Zi wei“‡× msMÖv‡gi c_‡K Zvi wbw`©ó wiZxbxwZ I wbq‡gi wfZi w`‡q GwM‡q wb‡q hvw”Qj| Giƒc msMÖv‡gi avc ev ch©v‡qi wfwˇZ wVK †hiƒc Avgiv eY©bv K‡iwQ, wZwb me©cÖ_g kvmK eM© I Zv‡`i cÖwZwbwa‡`i‡K bwmnZ I Dc‡`‡ki gva¨‡g bvwn AvR †gvbKv‡ii cÖv_wgK ch©vq mg~n AwZµg Kivi ci hy× I cÖKvk¨ msMÖv‡gi c_ †e‡Q †bb| G meB wZwb bvwn AvR †gvbKv‡ii wiZxi wfwˇZ K‡i‡Qb Avi ZvB Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, wZwb Zuvi fvB †gvnv¤§` nvbvwdqv‡K Iwmq¨Z Kivi cÖm‡½ e‡jb, ÒAvwg PvB (G msMÖv‡g Avgvi D‡Ïk¨ nj) Avgi †e gvi“d I bvwn AvR †gvbKvi Ki‡Z|[40]

AwePv‡ii †gvKv‡ejvq (ivR‰bwZK Acgvb, Ac`¯’ I †fvMvwš— MÖn‡b Awb”Qv cÖKvk)

       Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Gi AfyÌv‡bi Av‡iKwU wk¶v nj Ab¨vq AwePv‡ii †gvKv‡ejv Ges ivR‰bwZK Acgvb, Ac`¯’ I †fvMvwš— MÖnb bv Kivi gvbwmKZv m„wó Kiv| GB welqwU Avïivi we‡kl I ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †k­vMvb hv me©`vB Avn‡j evB‡Zi Abymvwi‡`i Rb¨ Av`k© wn‡m‡e BwZnv‡m wjwce× i‡q‡Q|

n¨uv, Gfv‡eB Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) B¾Z I m¤§v‡bi mwnZ g„Zz¨‡K Acgv‡bi mwnZ †eu‡P _vKvi Dci †kªôZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡ib|[41]

       ‡nvmvB‡bi Abymvixiv kvnv`vZ‡K †mŠfvM¨ I Ac`¯’ Ae¯’vq †eu‡P _vKv‡K `~f©vM¨ g‡b K‡ib| Avi ZvB Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) e‡jb, ÒAcgvb Ac`¯’ Avgv‡`i KvQ †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i|Ó  

Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Gi Av‡`‡k© †mŠfv‡M¨i gvcKvwV; A_©, Rxeb I g„Zz¨ bq eis †mŠfv‡M¨i gvcKvwV nj m¤§vb I Acgvb| GB `„wó fw½wU Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) gvbeZv‡K Dcnvi †`b A_©vr wZwb g„Zz¨ m¤ú‡K© ¯^vaxb †PZv gvby‡li `„wófw½‡K cv‡ë †`b| KviY g„Zz¨ mK‡ji Rb¨B AeavwiZ Z‡e ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq nj GB g„Zz¨‡K †K wKfv‡e wb‡q‡Q, Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Rxeb I g„Zz¨i bZzb GK msÁv cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g eySv‡Z m¶g nb †h, Acgv‡bi mwnZ †eu‡P _vKv‡KB g„Zz¨ Ges kvnv`v‡Zi g‡a¨B Rxeb I †eu‡P _vKv|

ivR‰bwZK kw³ cÖ`k©Y I `„p wm×vš—

       Avïivi Av‡iKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wk¶v nj ivR‰bwZK wm×v‡š— AUj I `„p _vKv Ges Zv ev¯—evq‡b kw³ cÖ`k©Y| D`vniY ¯^iƒc Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) g`xbv I g°v Z¨vM Kivi mgq Zvi ewY nv‡k‡gi mKj kw³‡K mv‡_ K‡i wb‡q hvb ( Z‡e Aí wKQz †jvK †hgb †gvnv¤§` nvbvwdqv whwb Amy¯’ wQ‡jb †mLv‡b Ae¯’vb K‡i)| GgbwK Zvi cwiev‡ii gwnjv I wkï ev”Pv‡`i‡K ch©š— mv‡_ K‡i wb‡q hvb| G QvovI Ab¨ hviv Zvi cv‡k †_‡K Zv¸‡Zi wei“‡× hy× Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj Zv‡`i‡KI mv‡_ wb‡q hvb| Avðv‡h©i welq nj wZwb g`xbv †_‡K g°vq Avmvi mgq Avmj I g~j c_wU g‡bvbxZ K‡ib hw` †m Ae¯’vq e¨wZµg    iv¯—vq hvIqvUv hyw³hy³ wQj KviY wZwb †P‡qwQ‡jb kvmK e‡M©i Avµgb ‡_‡K wbivc` _vK‡Z Ges g~j c_wU‡Z wbivcËvi m¤¢vebv wQj bv|[42]

       Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) m¤¢eZ Zuvi GB cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g wbgœwjwLZ welqv`x eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|

1-                   Bgvg eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h, G c‡_ wZwb GKv bb eis Zuvi mv‡_ Av‡iv A‡b‡KB i‡q‡Q Akªm‡¯¿ mw¾Z n‡q hy× Ki‡Z GgbwK Zvi cwiev‡ii Avevj e„× ewYZv mn mK‡jB Rxeb w`‡Z ivwR|

2-                   Avwg Avgvi wm×v‡š— AUj Ges `ykgb‡`i‡K †Pv‡L Av½yj w`‡q eywS‡q w`‡Z PvB †h, ÒAvwg Ges Avgvi mš—v-bv`x mn mevB G c‡_ Rxeb w`‡Z ivwR|

3-                   GKvwK mdi Kiv gvKi“n (Awa-Kš‘ Giƒc GK wec`m¯‹zj md‡i) Avi ZvB wZwb GKvwK GB md‡i †ei nbwb|

4-                   Gi gva¨‡g Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) †NvlYv K‡ib †h, Avwg Rvwjg kvm‡Ki wei“‡× AfyÌvb KiwQ Ges eZ©gvb GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z mK‡ji Rb¨B G KvR IqvwRe| Gi gva¨‡g mK‡ji Kv‡Q GB AfyÌv‡bi hyw³ cÖgvY K‡ib|

agx©q †bZv‡`i Rb¨ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cwiKíbv cÖbqY

       Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Gi AfyÌv‡bi Av‡iKwU ivR‰bwZK wk¶v nj mgv‡Ri Rb¨ agx©q †bZv‡`i cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi welq| †h †Kvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z ag©xq †bZ…eM© Dchy³ cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z eva¨| wVK †hfv‡e Bgvg †nvmvBb (Avt) Kvievjvq AvMg‡bi KviY eY©bv K‡i e‡jb, ÒRbZv Avgvi Kv‡Q Av‡e`b K‡i‡Q †h, Avgv‡`i Bgvg ev †bZv †bB Avi ZvB Avwg Zv‡`i Av‡e`‡bi Reve w`‡qwQÓ|[43]

       Ab¨ GK ¯’v‡b b¨vq civqb, Dchy³ mZ¨wbó Bgv‡gi we‡klZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, ÒmwZ¨Kvi Bgvg wZwb whwb Avj­vni wKZv‡e Avgj K‡i, b¨vqcivqb nq, A‡b¨i AwaKvi i¶v K‡i P‡j I Avj­vni B”Qvi Dci cÖvavb¨ †`q|[44]

       g~jZt BgvgZ I †ejvqv‡Zi cÖwZ AvKl©Y I Zuvi AbymiY Kiv Ggb GKUv aviv hv mwZ¨Kvi gywgb‡K gybv‡dK I Kv‡di †_‡K c„_K K‡i| Avi GiB wfwˇZ cÖgvwYZ nq †h, †m mg‡q †LjvdZ I kvmb Kivi GKgvÎ AwaKvi wQj Bgvg †nvmvB‡bi bv BqvwR‡`i|